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. Individual foraminifera analysis (IFA) holds promise to reconstruct seasonalto interannual oceanographic variability. Even though planktonic foraminiferaare reliable recorders of environmental conditions on a population level,whether they also are on the level of individuals is unknown. Yet, one of themain assumptions underlying IFA is that each specimen records ocean conditionswith negligible noise. Here we test this assumption using stable isotope datameasured on groups of four shells of Neogloboquadrina pachyderma froma 16–19 d resolution sediment trap time series from the subpolarNorth Atlantic. We find a within-sample variability of 0.11 ‰and 0.10 ‰ for δ18O and δ13Crespectively that shows no seasonal pattern and exceeds water column variabilityin spring when conditions are homogeneous down to hundreds of metres. We assessthe possible effect of life cycle characteristics and delay due to settling onforaminifera δ18O variability with simulations usingtemperature and δ18Oseawater as input. Thesesimulations indicate that the observed δ18O variability canonly partially be explained by environmental variability. IndividualN. pachyderma are thus imperfect recorders of temperature andδ18Oseawater. Based on these simulations, weestimate the excess noise on δ18O to be 0.11±0.06 ‰. The origin and nature of the recording imprecisionrequire further work, but our analyses highlight the need to take such excessnoise into account when interpreting the geochemical variability amongindividual foraminifera.

climate of the past

Variability in &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Neogloboquadrina pachyderma&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; stable isotope ratios from isothermal conditions: implications for individual foraminifera analysis