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Abstract. Scania (Skåne in Swedish), southern Sweden, offers a particularlyinteresting case for studying the historical relationship between climatevariability and grain production, given the favorable natural conditions interms of climate and soils for grain production, as well as the low share oftemperature-sensitive wheat varieties in its production composition. In thisarticle, a contextual understanding of historical grain production inScania, including historical, phenological, and natural geographic aspects,is combined with a quantitative analysis of available empirical sources toestimate the relationship between climate variability and grain productionbetween the years 1702 and 1911. The main result of this study is that grain production in Scania was primarily sensitive to climate variability during the high summer months of June and July, preferring cool and humidconditions, and to some extent precipitation during the winter months,preferring dry conditions. Diversity within and between historical grainvarieties contributed to making this risk manageable. Furthermore, no evidence is found for grain production being particularlysensitive to climate variability during the spring, autumn, and harvestseasons. At the end of the study period, these relationships were shiftingas the so-called early improved cultivars were being imported from otherparts of Europe. Finally, new light is shed on the climate history ofthe region, especially for the late 18th century, previously argued tobe a particularly cold period, through homogenization of the earlyinstrumental temperature series from Lund (1753–1870).

Climate variability and grain production in Scania, 1702–1911