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. Antarctic sea ice is a critical component of the climatesystem affecting a range of physical and biogeochemical feedbacks andsupporting unique ecosystems. During the last glacial stage, Antarctic seaice was more extensive than today, but uncertainties in geological (marinesediments), glaciological (ice core), and climate model reconstructions ofpast sea-ice extent continue to limit our understanding of its role in theEarth system. Here, we present a novel archive of past sea-ice environmentsfrom regurgitated stomach oils of snow petrels (Pagodroma nivea) preserved at nestingsites in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica. We show that by combininginformation from fatty acid distributions and their stable carbon isotoperatios with measurements of bulk carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes andtrace metal data, it is possible to reconstruct changing snow petrel dietwithin Marine Isotope Stage 2 (ca. 24.3–30.3 cal kyr BP). We show that, as today, a mixed diet of krill and fish characterizes much of the record.However, between 27.4 and 28.7 cal kyr BP signals of krill almost disappear. By linking dietary signals in the stomach-oil deposits to modern feeding habits and foraging ranges, we infer the use by snow petrels of open-water habitats (“polynyas”) in the sea ice during our interval of study. The periods whenconsumption of krill was reduced are interpreted to correspond to theopening of polynyas over the continental shelf, which became the preferredforaging habitat. Our results show that extensive, thick, and multiyear sea ice was not always present close to the continent during the last glacial stage and highlight the potential of stomach-oil deposits as a palaeoenvironmental archive of Southern Ocean conditions.

climate of the past

Summer sea-ice variability on the Antarctic margin during the last glacial period reconstructed from snow petrel (&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Pagodroma nivea&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;) stomach-oil deposits