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. In the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project Phase 2 (PlioMIP2), coupled climate models have been used to simulate an interglacial climate duringthe mid-Piacenzian warm period (mPWP; 3.264 to 3.025 Ma). Here, we compare the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), polewardocean heat transport and sea surface warming in the Atlantic simulated with these models. In PlioMIP2, all models simulate an intensifiedmid-Pliocene AMOC. However, there is no consistent response in the simulated Atlantic ocean heat transport nor in the depth of the Atlantic overturningcell. The models show a large spread in the simulated AMOC maximum, the Atlantic ocean heat transport and the surface warming in the NorthAtlantic. Although a few models simulate a surface warming of ∼ 8–12 ∘C in the North Atlantic, similar to the reconstructionfrom Pliocene Research, Interpretation and Synoptic Mapping (PRISM) version 4, most models appear to underestimate this warming. The largemodel spread and model–data discrepancies in the PlioMIP2 ensemble do not support the hypothesis that an intensification of the AMOC, togetherwith an increase in northward ocean heat transport, is the dominant mechanism for the mid-Pliocene warm climate over the North Atlantic.

Mid-Pliocene Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation simulated in PlioMIP2