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. Speleothems are an important source of palaeoclimatic information about the terrestrial environment. The basic advantages of speleothems are theirhigh preservation potential, the possibility of precise dating using the uranium-series (U-series) method, and many different proxies, such as stable isotopes, traceelements, and microfabrics, which can be interpreted in terms of palaeoclimatic conditions. Currently, central Europe is located in a transitionalclimate zone under the influence of both oceanic and continental climates. However, in the past, the region could have been under a strongercontinental climate influence during cold glacial episodes or a stronger oceanic climate influence during wetter interglacial episodes. Long-termspeleothem records can add new beneficial data about past climate changes in the region. The multiproxy record of the JS9 stalagmite, collected in theDemänová Cave system (Slovakia), represents a ca. 60 kyr period (143–83 ka). A multiproxy interpretation of the JS9 recordshows that long-term δ18O trends can be interpreted as global/regional temperature changes, whereas short-term δ18Osignals reflect changes in humidity. In contrast to the records from the Alps and the northern Tatra Mountains, the δ18O record ofspeleothem JS9 shows instantaneous decreasing episodes during Termination II. This indicates that the Carpathian Belt was an important climaticbarrier at that time.

climate of the past

The speleothem oxygen record as a proxy for thermal or moisture changes: a case study of multiproxy records from MIS 5–MIS 6 speleothems from the Demänová Cave system