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. Landscapes in high northern latitudes are assumed to be highlysensitive to future global change, but the rates and long-term trajectoriesof changes are rather uncertain. In the boreal zone, fires are an importantfactor in climate–vegetation interactions and biogeochemical cycles. Fireregimes are characterized by small, frequent, low-intensity fires withinsummergreen boreal forests dominated by larch, whereas evergreen borealforests dominated by spruce and pine burn large areas less frequently butat higher intensities. Here, we explore the potential of the monosaccharideanhydrides (MA) levoglucosan, mannosan and galactosan to serve as proxiesof low-intensity biomass burning in glacial-to-interglacial lake sedimentsfrom the high northern latitudes. We use sediments from Lake El'gygytgyn(cores PG 1351 and ICDP 5011-1), located in the far north-east of Russia,and study glacial and interglacial samples of the last 430 kyr (marineisotope stages 5e, 6, 7e, 8, 11c and 12) that had different climate and biomeconfigurations. Combined with pollen and non-pollen palynomorph records fromthe same samples, we assess how far the modern relationships between fire,climate and vegetation persisted during the past, on orbital to centennialtimescales. We find that MAs attached to particulates were well-preservedin up to 430 kyr old sediments with higher influxes from low-intensitybiomass burning in interglacials compared to glacials. MA influxessignificantly increase when summergreen boreal forest spreads closer to thelake, whereas they decrease when tundra-steppe environments and, especially,Sphagnum peatlands spread. This suggests that low-temperature fires are a typicalcharacteristic of Siberian larch forests also on long timescales. Theresults also suggest that low-intensity fires would be reduced by vegetationshifts towards very dry environments due to reduced biomass availability, aswell as by shifts towards peatlands, which limits fuel dryness. In addition,we observed very low MA ratios, which we interpret as high contributions ofgalactosan and mannosan from biomass sources other than those currently monitored,such as the moss–lichen mats in the understorey of the summergreen borealforest. Overall, sedimentary MAs can provide a powerful proxy for fireregime reconstructions and extend our knowledge of long-term naturalfire–climate–vegetation feedbacks in the high northern latitudes.

climate of the past

Relationships between low-temperature fires, climate and vegetation during three late glacials and interglacials of the last 430 kyr in northeastern Siberia reconstructed from monosaccharide anhydrides in Lake El'gygytgyn sediments