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. A compilation of the published literature on dust content interrestrial and marine sediment cores was synchronized with pollen data andspeleothem growth phases on the Greenland Ice Core Chronology 2005 (GICC05) time axis. Aridity patterns for eightkey areas of the global climate system have been reconstructed for the last60 000 years. These records have different time resolutions and differentdating methods, i.e. different types of stratigraphy. Nevertheless, allregions analysed in this study show humid conditions during early MarineIsotope Stage 3 (MIS3) and the early Holocene or deglaciation, but notalways at the same time. Such discrepancies have been interpreted asregional effects, although stratigraphic uncertainties may affect some ofthe proposed interpretations. In comparison, most of the MIS2 intervalbecomes arid in all of the Northern Hemisphere records, but the peak aridconditions of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and Heinrich event 1 differ induration and intensity among regions. In addition, we also compare thearidity synthesis with modelling results using a global climate model (GCM).Indeed, geological archives and GCMs show agreement on the aridity pattern forthe Holocene or deglaciation, for the LGM and for late MIS3.

Aridity synthesis for eight selected key regions of the global climate system during the last 60 000 years