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. The present article deals with the reconstruction of drought timeseries in Germany since 1500. The reconstructions are based on historicalrecords from the virtual research environment Tambora (tambora.org, 2018) and officialinstrumental records. The historical records and recent data were relatedto each other through modern index calculations, drought categories andtheir historical equivalents. Historical and modern written documents are also taken into account toanalyze the climatic effects and consequences on the environment and society.These pathways of effects are derived and combined with different droughtcategories. The derived historical precipitation index (HPI) is correlated with thestandardized precipitation index (SPI). Finally, a historical drought index(HDI) and a historical wet index (HWI) are derived from the basic monthlyprecipitation index (PI) from 1500 onward. Both are combined for the historicalhumidity index (HHI). On this basis, the long-term development of drynessand drought in Germany since 1500, as well as medium-term deviations of drierand wetter periods and individual extreme events, is presented anddiscussed.

Reconstructions of droughts in Germany since 1500 – combining hermeneutic information and instrumental records in historical and modern perspectives