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. The northwestern Pacific Ocean and South China Sea are where tropicalcyclones occur most frequently. Many climatologists also study the formationof Pacific Ocean warm pools and typhoons in this region. This studycollected data of paleotyphoons found in China's official historical recordsover the past 2000 years that contained known typhoon activity reports. Thecollected data are then subjected to statistical analyses focusing on typhoonactivity in coastal regions of southeastern China to garner a betterunderstanding of the long-term evolution of moving paths and occurrencefrequency, especially regarding those typhoons making landfall in mainland China. Weanalyzed the data with the year and month of each typhoon event, as well asthe number of events in a 10-year period. The result shows that (1) north–southwardmigration of typhoon paths corresponds to the north–southwardmigration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) during the Medieval WarmPeriod (MWP) and Little Ice Age (LIA) and (2) paleotyphoons made landfall inmainland China 1 month earlier during the MWP than during the LIA. Thisimplies a northward shift in ITCZ during the MWP. Typhoons tend to make landfallin Japan during El Nino-like periods and strike the southern coastal regionsof China during La Nina-like stages. According to paleotyphoon records overthe last 2000 years, typhoons made landfall in southeastern Chinafrequently around 490–510, 700–850, and after 1500 CE The numberof typhoons striking Guangdong Province peaked during the coldest period in1660–1680 CE; however, after 1700 CE, landfall has migrated farthernorth. The track of tropical cyclones (TCs) in the northwestern PacificOcean is affected by the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the PacificDecadal Oscillation (PDO), which shows a nearly 30-year and a 60-year cycleduring the LIA.

China's historical record when searching for tropical cyclones corresponding to Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) shifts over the past 2 kyr