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. Precipitation/humidity proxies are widely used to reconstruct thehistorical East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) variations based on theassumption that summer precipitation over eastern China is closely and stablylinked to the strength of EASM. However, whether the observedEASM–precipitation relationship (e.g., increased precipitation with astronger EASM) was stable throughout the past remains unclear. In thisstudy, we used model outputs from the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison ProjectPhase III and Community Earth System Model to investigate the stabilityof the EASM–precipitation relationship over the last millennium on differenttimescales. The model results indicate that the EASM strength (defined as theregionally averaged meridional wind) was enhanced in the Medieval Climate Anomaly(MCA; ∼  950–1250 AD), during which there was increased precipitationover eastern China, and weakened during the Little Ice Age (LIA; ∼  1500–1800 AD), during which there was decreased precipitation,consistent with precipitation/humidity proxies. However, the simulatedEASM–precipitation relationship is only stable on a centennial and longertimescale and is unstable on a shorter timescale. The nonstationaryshort-timescale EASM–precipitation relationship broadly exhibits amulti-decadal periodicity, which may be attributed to the internalvariability of the climate system and has no significant correlation toexternal forcings. Our results have implications for understanding thediscrepancy among various EASM proxies on a multi-decadal timescale andhighlight the need to rethink reconstructed decadal EASM variations based onprecipitation/humidity proxies.

Timescale dependence of the relationship between the East Asian summer monsoon strength and precipitation over eastern China in the last millennium