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. Close coupling of Iberian hydroclimate and North Atlantic seasurface temperature (SST) during recent glacial periods has been identifiedthrough the analysis of marine sediment and pollen grains co-deposited on thePortuguese continental margin. While offering precisely correlatable records,these time series have lacked a directly dated, site-specific record ofcontinental Iberian climate spanning multiple glacial cycles as a point ofcomparison. Here we present a high-resolution, multi-proxy (growth dynamicsand δ13C , δ18O , and δ234U values) composite stalagmite record of hydroclimate from two caves in westernPortugal across the majority of the last two glacial cycles ( ∼220  ka).At orbital and millennial scales, stalagmite-based proxies for hydroclimateproxies covaried with SST, with elevated δ13C , δ18O , and δ234U values and/or growth hiatusesindicating reduced effective moisture coincident with periods of lowered SSTduring major ice-rafted debris events, in agreement with changes inpalynological reconstructions of continental climate. While in many cases thePortuguese stalagmite record can be scaled to SST, in some intervals themagnitudes of stalagmite isotopic shifts, and possibly hydroclimate, appearto have been somewhat decoupled from SST.

A stalagmite test of North Atlantic SST and Iberian hydroclimate linkages over the last two glacial cycles