English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

. Using a 17-site seasonal precipitation reconstruction from a uniquehistorical archive, Yu-Xue-Fen-Cun, the decadal variations of extremedroughts and floods (i.e., the event with occurrence probability of less than10 % from 1951 to 2000) in North China were investigated, by consideringboth the probabilities of droughts/floods occurrence in each site and spatialcoverage (i.e., percentage of sites). Then, the possible linkages of extremedroughts and floods with ENSO (i.e., El Nino and La Nina) episodesand large volcanic eruptions were discussed. The results show that there were29 extreme droughts and 28 extreme floods in North China from 1736 to 2000.For most of these extreme drought (flood) events, precipitation decreased(increased) evidently at most of the sites for the four seasons, especiallyfor summer and autumn. But in drought years of 1902 and 1981, precipitationonly decreased in summer slightly, while it decreased evidently in the otherthree seasons. Similarly, the precipitation anomalies for different seasonsat different sites also existed in several extreme flood years, such as 1794,1823, 1867, 1872 and 1961. Extreme droughts occurred more frequently (2 ormore events) during the 1770s–1780s, 1870s, 1900s–1930s and 1980s–1990s,among which the most frequent (3 events) occurred in the 1900s and the 1920s.More frequent extreme floods occurred in the 1770s, 1790s, 1820s, 1880s,1910s and 1950s–1960s, among which the most frequent (4 events) occurred inthe 1790s and 1880s. For the total of extreme droughts and floods, they weremore frequent in the 1770s, 1790s, 1870s–1880s, 1900s–1930s and 1960s, andthe highest frequency (5 events) occurred in the 1790s. A higher probabilityof extreme drought was found when El Nino occurred in the current year orthe previous year. However, no significant connections were found between theoccurrences of extreme floods and ENSO episodes, or the occurrences ofextreme droughts/floods and large volcanic eruptions.

Variation of extreme drought and flood in North China revealed by document-based seasonal precipitation reconstruction for the past 300 years