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Records of Neoglacial glacier activity in the Arctic constructed from\udmoraines are often incomplete due to a preservation bias toward the most\udextensive advance, often the Little Ice Age. Recent warming in the Arctic has\udcaused extensive retreat of glaciers over the past several decades, exposing\udpreserved landscapes complete with in situ tundra plants previously\udentombed by ice. The radiocarbon ages of these plants define the timing of\udsnowline depression and glacier advance across the site, in response to local\udsummer cooling. Erosion rapidly removes most dead plants that have been\udrecently exposed by ice retreat, but where erosive processes are unusually\udweak, dead plants may remain preserved on the landscape for decades. In such\udsettings, a transect of plant radiocarbon ages can be used to construct a\udnear-continuous chronology of past ice margin advance. Here we present\udradiocarbon dates from the first such transect on Baffin Island, which\uddirectly dates the advance of a small ice cap over the past two millennia.\udThe nature of ice expansion between 20 BCE and ∼ 1000 CE is\udstill uncertain, but episodic advances at ∼ 1000 CE, ∼ 1200, and  ∼ 1500 led to the maximum Neoglacial dimensions ~ 1900 CE. We employ a two-dimensional numerical glacier model calibrated using the plant radiocarbon ages ice margin chronology to assess the sensitivity of the ice cap to temperature change. Model experiments show that at least ∼ 0.44 °C\udof cooling over the past 2 kyr is required for the ice cap to reach its 1900 CE\udmargin, and that the period from ∼ 1000 to 1900 CE must have\udbeen at least 0.25° C cooler than the previous millennium, results\udthat agree with regional temperature reconstructions and climate model\udsimulations. However, significant warming since 1900 CE is required to\udexplain retreat to its present position, and, at the same rate of warming,\udthe ice cap will disappear before 2100 CE

Episodic Neoglacial expansion and rapid 20th century retreat of a small ice cap on Baffin Island, Arctic Canada, and modeled temperature change