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Because of the relatively brief observational record, the climate dynamics\udthat drive multiyear to centennial hydroclimate variability are not\udadequately characterized and understood. Paleoclimate reconstructions based on data\udassimilation (DA)\udoptimally fuse paleoclimate proxies with the\uddynamical constraints of climate models, thus providing a coherent dynamical\udpicture of the past. DA is therefore an important new tool for elucidating\udthe mechanisms of hydroclimate variability over the last several millennia.\udBut DA has so far remained untested for global hydroclimate reconstructions.\udHere we explore whether or not DA can be used to skillfully reconstruct\udglobal hydroclimate variability along with the driving climate dynamics.\udThrough a set of idealized pseudoproxy experiments, we find that an\udestablished DA reconstruction approach can in principle be used to\udreconstruct hydroclimate at both annual and seasonal timescales. We find\udthat the skill of such reconstructions is generally highest near the proxy\udsites. This set of reconstruction experiments is specifically designed to\udestimate a realistic upper bound for the skill of this DA approach.\udImportantly, this experimental framework allows us to see where and for what\udvariables the reconstruction approach may never achieve high skill. In\udparticular for tree rings, we find that hydroclimate reconstructions depend\udcritically on moisture-sensitive trees, while temperature reconstructions\uddepend critically on temperature-sensitive trees. Real-world DA-based\udreconstructions will therefore likely require a spatial mixture of\udtemperature- and moisture-sensitive trees to reconstruct both temperature and\udhydroclimate variables. Additionally, we illustrate how DA can be used to\udelucidate the dynamical mechanisms of drought with two examples: tropical\uddrivers of multiyear droughts in the North American Southwest and in\udequatorial East Africa. This work thus provides a foundation for future\udDA-based hydroclimate reconstructions using real-proxy networks while also\udhighlighting the utility of this important tool for hydroclimate research

A pseudoproxy assessment of data assimilation for reconstructing the atmosphere–ocean dynamics of hydroclimate extremes