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The Southern Hemisphere westerly winds (SHWWs) play a major role in\udcontrolling wind-driven upwelling of Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) and\udoutgassing of CO2 in the Southern Ocean, on interannual to\udglacial–interglacial timescales. Despite their significance in the global\udcarbon cycle, our understanding of millennial- and centennial-scale changes\udin the strength and latitudinal position of the westerlies during the\udHolocene (especially since 5000 yr BP) is limited by a scarcity of\udpalaeoclimate records from comparable latitudes. Here, we reconstruct middle\udto late Holocene SHWW variability using a fjord sediment core collected from\udthe subantarctic Auckland Islands (51° S, 166° E),\udlocated in the modern centre of the westerly wind belt. Changes in drainage\udbasin response to variability in the strength of the SHWW at this latitude\udare interpreted from downcore variations in magnetic susceptibility (MS) and\udbulk organic δ13C and atomic C ∕ N, which monitor influxes of\udlithogenous and terrestrial vs. marine organic matter, respectively. The\udfjord water column response to SHWW variability is evaluated using benthic\udforaminifer δ18O and δ13C, both of which\udare influenced by the isotopic composition of shelf water masses entering\udthe fjord. Using these data, we provide marine and terrestrial-based\udevidence for increased wind strength from  ∼  1600 to 900 yr BP at\udsubantarctic latitudes that is broadly consistent with previous studies of\udclimate-driven vegetation change at the Auckland Islands. Comparison with a\udSHWW reconstruction using similar proxies from Fiordland suggests a\udnorthward migration of the SHWW over New Zealand during the first half of\udthe last millennium. Comparison with palaeoclimate and palaeoceanographic\udrecords from southern South America and West Antarctica indicates a late\udHolocene strengthening of the SHWW after  ∼  1600 yr BP that\udappears to be broadly symmetrical across the Pacific Basin. Contemporaneous\udincreases in SHWW at localities on either side of the Pacific in the late\udHolocene are likely controlled atmospheric teleconnections between the low\udand high latitudes, and by variability in the Southern Annular Mode and El\udNiño–Southern Oscillation

Late Holocene intensification of the westerly winds at the subantarctic Auckland Islands (51° S), New Zealand