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The relationship between the frequency of River Ammer floods (southernGermany) and atmospheric circulation variability is investigated based onobservational Ammer River discharge data back to 1926 and a flood layer time seriesfrom varved sediments of the downstream Lake Ammer for thepre-instrumental period back to 1766. A composite analysis reveals that, atsynoptic timescales, observed River Ammer floods are associated withenhanced moisture transport from the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterraneantowards the Ammer region, a pronounced trough over western Europe as well asenhanced potential vorticity at upper levels. We argue that this synoptic-scaleconfiguration can trigger heavy precipitation and floods in the Ammerregion. Interannual to multidecadal increases in flood frequency, asdetected in the instrumental discharge record, are associated with a wave train patternextending from the North Atlantic to western Asia, with a prominent negativecenter over western Europe. A similar atmospheric circulation pattern isassociated with increases in flood layer frequency in the Lake Ammersediment record during the pre-instrumental period. We argue that thecomplete flood layer time series from Lake Ammer sediments covering thelast 5500 years contains information about atmospheric circulationvariability on interannual to millennial timescales

Atmospheric circulation patterns associated with the variability of River Ammer floods: evidence from observed and proxy data