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Large climate perturbations occurred during the transition between thepenultimate glacial period and the Last Interglacial (Termination II), whenthe ice sheets retreated from their glacial configuration. Here weinvestigate the impact of ice sheet changes and associated freshwater fluxeson the climate evolution at the onset of the Last Interglacial. The periodfrom 135 to 120 kyr BP is simulated with the Earth system model ofintermediate complexity <span style="" class="text">LOVECLIM</span> v.1.3 with prescribed evolution of theAntarctic ice sheet, the Greenland ice sheet, and the other NorthernHemisphere ice sheets. Variations in meltwater fluxes from the NorthernHemisphere ice sheets lead to North Atlantic temperature changes andmodifications of the strength of the Atlantic meridional overturningcirculation. By means of the interhemispheric see-saw effect, variations inthe Atlantic meridional overturning circulation also give rise totemperature changes in the Southern Hemisphere, which are additionallymodulated by the direct impact of Antarctic meltwater fluxes into theSouthern Ocean. Freshwater fluxes from the melting Antarctic ice sheet leadto a millennial timescale oceanic cold event in the Southern Ocean withexpanded sea ice as evidenced in some ocean sediment cores, which may beused to constrain the timing of ice sheet retreat

Impact of ice sheet meltwater fluxes on the climate evolution at the onset of the Last Interglacial