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Relatively few marine or terrestrial paleoclimate studies have focused onglacial inception, the transition from an interglacial to a glacial climatestate. As a result, neither the timing and structure of glacial inception nor the spatial pattern of glacial inception in different parts ofthe world is well known. Here we present results of a study of a speleothem from thePeruvian Andes that records changes in the intensity of South American SummerMonsoon (SASM) rainfall over the period from 125 to 115 ka. The results showthat late in the last interglacial period, at 123 ka, SASM rainfalldecreased, perhaps in response to a decrease in temperature and ice cover inthe high northern latitudes and associated changes in atmosphericcirculation. Then at 120.8 ka, a rapid increase in SASM rainfall marks theend of the last interglacial. After a more gradual increase between 120 and117 ka, a second abrupt increase occurs at 117 ka. This pattern of changeis mirrored to a remarkable degree by changes in the East Asian Monsoon. Itis interpreted to reflect both a long-term gradual response of the monsoonsto orbitally driven insolation changes and to rapid changes in NorthernHemisphere ice volume and temperature. Both monsoon systems are close totheir full glacial conditions by 117 ka, before any significant decrease inatmospheric CO<sub>2</sub>

A tropical speleothem record of glacial inception, the South American Summer Monsoon from 125 to 115 ka