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We present results of analysis of biological (diatoms and ostracodes) andnon-biological (Ti, Ca / Ti, total inorganic carbon, magneticsusceptibility) variables from an 8.8 m long, high-resolution (~ 20 yr sample−1)laminated sediment sequence from Lake Santa María del Oro(SMO), western Mexico. This lake lies at a sensitive location between the dryclimates of northern Mexico, under the influence of the North Pacific subtropicalhigh-pressure cell and the moister climates of central Mexico, underthe influence of the seasonal migration of the intertropical convergence zoneand the North American monsoon (NAM). The sequence covers the last 2000 yearsand provides evidence of two periods of human impact in the catchment, shownby increases in the diatom Achnanthidium minutissimum. The firstfrom AD 100 to 400 (Early Classic) is related to the shaft and chamber tombscultural tradition in western Mexico, and the second is related toPost-Classic occupation from AD 1100 to 1300. Both periods correspond torelatively wet conditions. Three dry intervals are identified from increasedcarbonate and the presence of ostracodes and aerophilous Eolimnaminima. The first, from AD 500 to 1000 (most intense during the lateClassic, from AD 600 to 800), correlates with the end of the shaft andchamber tradition in western Mexico after ca. AD 600. This late Classic dryperiod is the most important climatic signal in the Mesoamerican regionduring the last 2000 years, and has been recorded at several sites fromYucatan to the Pacific coast. In the Yucatan area, this dry interval has beenrelated with the demise of the Maya culture at the end of the Classic (AD 850to 950). The last two dry events (AD 1400 to 1550 and 1690 to 1770)correspond with the onset of, and the late, Little Ice Age, and follow largely theSpörer and Maunder minima in solar radiation. The first of theseintervals (AD 1400 to 1550) shows the most intense signal over westernMexico; however this pattern is different at other sites. Dry/wet intervalsin the SMO record are related with lower/higher intensity of the NAM overthis region, respectively

climate of the past

Climatic variability and human impact during the last 2000 years in western Mesoamerica: evidence of late Classic (AD 600–900) and Little Ice Age drought events