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In 2012 Plummer et al., in presenting the volcanic chronology of theAntarctic Law Dome ice core, chose to list connections to acid layers inother ice cores and also possible chronological coincidences between ice aciddates and the precise dates of frost damage, and/or reduced growth in NorthAmerican bristlecone pines. We disagree with the chronological linksindicated by Plummer et al. for the period before AD 700, and in this paperwe show that a case can be made that better linkages between ice acid andtree ring effects occur for this period if the ice chronologies aresystematically moved forward by around 7 years, consistent with a hypothesispublished by Baillie in 2008. In the paper we seek to explorethe proposition that frost damage rings in North American bristlecone pinesare a very useful indicator of the dates of certain large explosive volcaniceruptions; the dating of major eruptions being critical for any clearunderstanding of volcanic forcing. This paper cannot prove that there is anerror in the Greenland Ice Core Chronology 2005 (GICC05), and in equivalentice chronologies from the Antarctic, however, it does provide a coherentargument for an apparent ice dating offset. If the suggested offset were toprove correct it would be necessary to locate where the error occurs in theice chronologies and in this regard the dating of the increasinglycontroversial Icelandic Eldgjá eruption in the AD 930s, and theChina/Korean Millennium eruption which occurs some 7 years after Eldgjá,may well be critical. In addition, if the offset were to be substantiated itwould have implications for the alleged identification of tephra at 429.3 min the Greenland GRIP core, currently attributed to the Italian volcanoVesuvius and used as a critical zero error point in the GICC05 chronology

Tree ring effects and ice core acidities clarify the volcanic record of the first millennium