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Artículo de publicación ISIMulti-millennial environmental and climaticchanges in central Chilean Patagonia (44–49  S) during theLast Glacial–Interglacial cycle have been of particular interestas changes in the position and strength of the southernwesterlies are the major forcing factor conditioningthe environmental dynamics. Recent attempts to reconstructregional environmental and climatic signals from centralChilean Patagonia reveal some discrepancies and unclear issuesamong the records. This paper presents the 13 ka pollenand charcoal records from Mallín El Embudo (44 400 S,71 420 W) located in the deciduous Nothofagus forest in themiddle Río Cisnes valley. The paper aims to (1) establish thetiming and magnitude of local vegetation changes and fireactivity since the Late Glacial and (2) integrate these resultsat the regional scale in order to discuss the discrepancies anddepict the environmental and climatic dynamics in centralChilean Patagonia since the Late Glacial. Open landscapesdominated by grasses associated with scattered Nothofagusforest patches dominated the middle Río Cisnes valley between13 and 11.2 ka suggesting low effective moisture butalso indicating that landscape configuration after glacial retreatwas still ongoing. At 11.2 ka, the sudden developmentof an open and quite dynamic Nothofagus forest probablyassociated with the synchronous high fire activity occurred,suggesting a rise in effective moisture associated with drysummers. Since 9.5 ka, the record reflects the presence of aclosed Nothofagus forest related to higher effective moistureconditions than before combined with moderate dry summersthat may have triggered a high frequency of low-magnitudecrown fires that did not severely affect the forest. The forestexperienced a slight canopy opening after 5.7 ka, probablydue to slightly drier conditions than before followed by asudden change to open forest conditions around 4.2 ka associatedwith fire and volcanic disturbances. Around 2 ka,the recovery of a closed Nothofagus forest related to slightlywetter conditions (similar to present) occurred and persistedunder highly variable climatic conditions up to 0.1 ka whenmassive forest burning and logging due to European settlementsoccurred. Central Chilean Patagonian climatic andenvironmental changes at millennial–centennial timescalessince the Late Glacial were driven by changes in the southernwesterlies latitudinal position and/or intensity, but duringthe late Holocene fire, volcanism and humans arose as forcescontributing to environmental dynamics.This research was supported by FONDECYTgrant no. 1130128

Environmental and climatic changes in central Chilean Patagonia since the Late Glacial (Mallín El Embudo, 44° S)