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Atmospheric inversion models have the potential to quantify CO2 fluxesat regional, sub-continental scales by taking advantage of near-surfaceCO2 mixing ratio observations collected in areas with high fluxvariability. This study presents results from a series of regionalgeostatistical inverse models (GIM) over North America for 2004, and usesthem as the basis for an inter-comparison to other inversion studies andestimates from biospheric models collected through the North American CarbonProgram Regional and Continental Interim Synthesis. Because the GIM approachdoes not require explicit prior flux estimates and resolves fluxes at finespatiotemporal scales (i.e. 1° × 1°, 3-hourly in this study), it avoidstemporal and spatial aggregation errors and allows for the recovery ofrealistic spatial patterns from the atmospheric data relative to previousinversion studies. Results from a GIM inversion using only availableatmospheric observations and a fine-scale fossil fuel inventory were used toconfirm the quality of the inventory and inversion setup. An inversionadditionally including auxiliary variables from the North American RegionalReanalysis found inferred relationships with flux consistent withphysiological understanding of the biospheric carbon cycle. Comparison of GIMresults with bottom-up biospheric models showed stronger agreement during thegrowing relative to the dormant season, in part because most of thebiospheric models do not fully represent agricultural land-managementpractices and the fate of both residual biomass and harvested products.Comparison to earlier inversion studies pointed to aggregation errors as alikely source of bias in previous sub-continental scale flux estimates,particularly for inversions that adjust fluxes at the coarsest scales and useatmospheric observations averaged over long periods. Finally, whereas thecontinental CO2 boundary conditions used in the GIM inversions have aminor impact on spatial patterns, they have a substantial impact on thecontinental carbon budget, with a difference of 0.8 PgC yr−1 in the totalcontinental flux resulting from the use of two plausible sets of boundaryCO2 mixing ratios. Overall, this inter-comparison study helps toassess the state of the science in estimating regional-scale CO2fluxes, while pointing towards the path forward for improvements in futuretop-down and bottom-up modeling efforts

biogeosciences

North American CO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; exchange: inter-comparison of modeled estimates with results from a fine-scale atmospheric inversion