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Intra-annual variations of &delta;13C and &delta;15N of water-column suspended particulate organic matter (SPOM) have been investigated to understand the biogeochemical cycling of C and N in the Western Continental Shelf of India (WCSI). The key issues being addressed are: how the &delta;15N of SPOM is affected by seasonally varying processes of organic matter production and respiration and how it relates to the &delta;15N of sedimentary organic matter that appears to show a decreasing trend despite an apparent intensification of seasonal oxygen deficiency over the past few decades? A secondary objective was to evaluate the sources of organic carbon. Elemental carbon and nitrogen concentrations, C/N ratios in SPOM, along with ancillary chemical and biological variables including phytoplankton pigment abundance were also determined on a seasonal basis (from March 2007 to September 2008), with the partial exception of the southwest (SW) monsoon period. The results reveal significant shifts in isotopic signatures, especially &delta;15N, of SPOM before and after the onset of SW monsoon. Very low &delta;15N values, reaching a minimum of −4.17 &permil;, are found during the pre-monsoon period. Our results provide the first direct evidence for the addition of substantial amounts of isotopically light nitrogen by the diazotrophs, especially Trichodesmium, in the region. The &delta;15N of SPOM is generally lower than the mean value (7.38 &permil;) for surficial sediments, presumably because of diagenetic enrichment. The results support the view that sedimentary &delta;15N may not necessarily reflect denitrification intensity in the overlying waters due to diverse sources of nitrogen and variability of its isotopic composition. The observed intra-annual variability of &delta;13C of SPOM during the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon periods is generally small. Phytoplankton production and probably species composition could drive some of the observed changes. The largest changes (depletion of &delta;13C and increase in C/N) appear to occur during the pre- and post-monsoon seasons, presumably through episodic deposition of terrestrial organic matter from the atmosphere. During the SW monsoon, when a large input of terrestrial organic matter is expected through runoff from land, the C/N ratio remains low, but significant difference is observed between &delta;13C data in 2007 and 2008. Inputs of soil organic matter that may have elemental and isotopic signatures different from those of the conventional (C3 plant derived) organic matter could explain the constancy of the C/N ratio

Intra-annual variability of carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes in suspended organic matter in waters of the western continental shelf of India