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A  major  role  in  regulation  of  global  methane fluxes  has  been  attributed  to  the  process  of  anaerobic  oxidation  of  methane  (AOM),  which  is  performed  by  consortia  of  methanotrophic  archaea  and  sulfate  reducing  bacteria.  An important question remains how these energy limited, slow growing Microorganisms with generation times of 3–7 months  respond  to  rapid  natural  variations  in  methane fluxes at cold seeps.  We used an experimental flow-through column  system  filled  with  cold  seep  sediments  naturally enriched  in  methanotrophic  communities,  to  test  their  responses  to  short-term  variations  in  methane  and  sulfate fluxes. At  stable  methane  and  sulfate concentrations  of ∼2 mM and 28 mM, respectively, we measured constant rates of AOM and sulfate reduction (SR) for up to 160 days of incubation.  When percolated with methane-free medium, the anaerobic methanotrophs ceased to produce sulfide.  After a starvation phase of 40 days, the addition of methane restored former AOM and SR rates immediately.   At methane concentrations between 0–2.3 mM we measured a linear correlation between methane availability, AOM and SR. At constant fluid flow velocities of 30 m yr−1,  ca. 50% of the methane was  consumed  by  the  anaerobic methanotrophic  (ANME) population  at  all  concentrations  tested.   Reducing  the  sulfate  concentration  from  28  to  1 mM,  a  decrease  in  AOM and  SR  by  50%  was  observed,  and  45%  of  the  methane was consumed. Hence, the marine anaerobic methanotrophs(ANME)  are  capable  of  oxidizing  substantial  amounts  of methane over a wide and variable range of fluxes of the reaction educts.\u

An experimental study on short-term changes in the anaerobic oxidation of methane in response to varying methane and sulfate fluxes