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. A key step in assessing the global carbon budget is the determination of the partial pressure of CO2 in seawater(pCO2 (sw)). Spatially complete observational fields of pCO2 (sw) are routinely produced for regional andglobal ocean carbon budget assessments by extrapolating sparse in situ measurements of pCO2 (sw) using satelliteobservations. As part of this process, satellite chlorophyll a (Chl a) is often used as a proxy for the biological drawdown or release ofCO2. Chl a does not, however, quantify carbon fixed through photosynthesis and then respired, which is determined by net communityproduction (NCP). In this study, pCO2 (sw) over the South Atlantic Ocean is estimated using a feed forward neural network (FNN) scheme and eithersatellite-derived NCP, net primary production (NPP) or Chl a to compare which biological proxy produces the most accurate fields ofpCO2 (sw). Estimates of pCO2 (sw) using NCP, NPP or Chl a were similar, but NCP was more accurate for theAmazon Plume and upwelling regions, which were not fully reproduced when using Chl a or NPP. A perturbation analysis assessed the potentialmaximum reduction in pCO2 (sw) uncertainties that could be achieved by reducing the uncertainties in the satellite biologicalparameters. This illustrated further improvement using NCP compared to NPP or Chl a. Using NCP to estimate pCO2 (sw) showedthat the South Atlantic Ocean is a CO2 source, whereas if no biological parameters are used in the FNN (following existing annual carbonassessments), this region appears to be a sink for CO2. These results highlight that using NCP improved the accuracy of estimatingpCO2 (sw) and changes the South Atlantic Ocean from a CO2 sink to a source. Reducing the uncertainties in NCP derivedfrom satellite parameters will ultimately improve our understanding and confidence in quantification of the global ocean as a CO2 sink.

biogeosciences

Derivation of seawater &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;p&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;CO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; from net community production identifies the South Atlantic Ocean as a CO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; source