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. The size-fractionated phytoplankton growth and microzooplankton grazing are crucial for the temporal change of community size structure, regulatingnot only trophic transfer but also the carbon cycle of the ocean. However, the size-dependent growth and grazing dynamics on a monthly or an annualbasis are less addressed in the coastal ocean. In this paper, the seasonal responses of the size-fractionated phytoplankton growth and grazing toenvironmental change were examined over 1 year at a coastal site of the northern South China Sea. We found a nanophytoplankton-dominated communitywith strong seasonal variations in all size classes. Phytoplankton community growth rate was positively correlated to nutrients, with communitygrazing rate correlating to the total chlorophyll a at the station, reflecting a combined bottom-up and top-down effect on phytoplanktonpopulation dynamics. Further analyses suggested that the specific growth rate of microphytoplankton was significantly influenced by phosphate, andthat of nanophytoplankton was influenced by light, although picophytoplankton growth was controlled by both nitrate and temperature. In addition, the specificgrazing rate of nanophytoplankton was well correlated to phytoplankton standing stock, while that of micro- and pico-compartments was negativelyinfluenced by ciliate abundance and salinity. Finally, a lower grazing impact for micro-cells (38 %) than nano- and pico-cells (72 % and60 %, respectively) may support size-selective grazing of microzooplankton on small cells at this eutrophic system.

biogeosciences

Biophysical controls on seasonal changes in the structure, growth, and grazing of the size-fractionated phytoplankton community in the northern South China Sea