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. The Gulf of Lion shelf (GoL, NW Mediterranean) is one of the mostproductive areas in the Mediterranean Sea. A 3D coupledhydrodynamic–biogeochemical model is used to study the mechanisms that drivethe particulate organic carbon (POC) dynamics over the shelf. A set ofobservations, including temporal series from a coastal station, remotesensing of surface chlorophyll a, and a glider deployment, is used tovalidate the distribution of physical and biogeochemical variables from themodel. The model reproduces the time and spatial evolution oftemperature, chlorophyll a, and nitrate concentrations well and shows a clearannual cycle of gross primary production and respiration. We estimate anannual net primary production of ∼ 200 × 104 t C yr−1 at the scale of the shelf. The primary production is marked by acoast-slope increase with maximal values in the eastern region. Our resultsshow that the primary production is favoured by the inputs of nutrientsimported from offshore waters, representing 3 and 15 times the inputs of theRhône in terms of nitrate and phosphate. In addition, the empiricalorthogonal function (EOF) decompositionhighlights the role of solar radiation anomalies and continental winds thatfavour upwellings, and inputs of the Rhône River, in annual changes inthe net primary production. Annual POC deposition (27 × 104 t C yr−1) represents 13 % of the net primary production. The deliveryof terrestrial POC favours the deposition in front of the Rhône mouth, andthe mean cyclonic circulation increases the deposition between 30 and 50 mdepth from the Rhône prodelta to the west. Mechanisms responsible forPOC export (24 × 104 t C yr−1) to the open sea arediscussed. The export off the shelf in the western part, from the Cap deCreus to the Lacaze-Duthiers canyon, represents 37 % of the total POCexport. Maximum values are obtained during shelf dense water cascadingevents and marine winds. Considering surface waters only, the POC is mainlyexported in the eastern part of the shelf through shelf waters and Rhôneinputs, which spread to the Northern Current during favourable continentalwind conditions. The GoL shelf appears as an autotrophic ecosystem with apositive net ecosystem production and as a source of POC for the adjacent NWMediterranean basin. The undergoing and future increase in temperature andstratification induced by climate change could impact the trophic status ofthe GoL shelf and the carbon export towards the deep basin. It is crucial todevelop models to predict and assess these future evolutions.

Particulate organic carbon dynamics in the Gulf of Lion shelf (NW Mediterranean) using a coupled hydrodynamic–biogeochemical model