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. Bioactive trace metals are critical micronutrients for marinemicroorganisms due to their role in mediating biological redox reactions,and complex biogeochemical processes control their distributions.Hydrothermal vents may represent an important source of metals tomicroorganisms, especially those inhabiting low-iron waters, such as in thesouthwest Pacific Ocean. Previous measurements of primordial 3Heindicate a significant hydrothermal source originating in the northeastern (NE)Lau Basin, with the plume advecting into the southwest Pacific Ocean at1500–2000 m depth (Lupton etal., 2004). Studies investigating the long-range transport of trace metalsassociated with such dispersing plumes are rare, and the biogeochemicalimpacts on local microbial physiology have not yet been described. Here wequantified dissolved metals and assessed microbial metaproteomes across atransect spanning the tropical and equatorial Pacific with a focus on thehydrothermally active NE Lau Basin and report elevated iron and manganeseconcentrations across 441 km of the southwest Pacific. The most intensesignal was detected near the Mangatolo Triple Junction (MTJ) and NortheastLau Spreading Center (NELSC), in close proximity to the previously reported3He signature. Protein content in distal-plume-influenced seawater,which was high in metals, was overall similar to background locations,though key prokaryotic proteins involved in metal and organic uptake,protein degradation, and chemoautotrophy were abundant compared to deepwaters outside of the distal plume. Our results demonstrate that tracemetals derived from the NE Lau Basin are transported over appreciabledistances into the southwest Pacific Ocean and that bioactive chemicalresources released from submarine vent systems are utilized by surroundingdeep-sea microbes, influencing both their physiology and their contributionsto ocean biogeochemical cycling.

Hydrothermal trace metal release and microbial metabolism in the northeastern Lau Basin of the South Pacific Ocean