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. Over the last decades, sea surface temperature (SST) reconstructions basedon the Mg∕Ca of foraminiferal calcite have frequently been used incombination with the δ18O signal from the same material toprovide estimates of the δ18O of water (δ18Ow), a proxy for global ice volume and sea surface salinity(SSS). However, because of error propagation from one step to the next,better calibrations are required to increase the accuracy and robustness ofexisting isotope and element to temperature proxy relationships. Towardsthat goal, we determined Mg∕Ca, Sr∕Ca and the oxygen isotopic composition ofTrilobatus sacculifer (previously referenced as Globigerinoides sacculifer) collected from surface waters (0–10 m) along anorth–south transect in the eastern basin of the tropical and subtropicalAtlantic Ocean. We established a new paleotemperature calibration based onMg∕Ca and on the combination of Mg∕Ca and Sr∕Ca. Subsequently, asensitivity analysis was performed in which one, two or three differentequations were considered. Results indicate that foraminiferal Mg∕Ca allowsfor an accurate reconstruction of surface water temperature. Combiningequations, δ18Ow can be reconstructed with a precision of about± 0.5 ‰. However, the best possible salinityreconstruction based on locally calibrated equations only allowed for areconstruction with an uncertainty of ± 2.49. This was confirmed by aMonte Carlo simulation, applied to test successive reconstructions in an“ideal case” in which explanatory variables are known. This simulation showsthat from a purely statistical point of view, successive reconstructionsinvolving Mg∕Ca and δ18Oc preclude salinity reconstructions witha precision better than ± 1.69 and hardly better than ± 2.65due to error propagation. Nevertheless, a direct linear fit to reconstructsalinity based on the same measured variables (Mg∕Ca and δ18Oc)was established. This direct reconstruction of salinity led to a muchbetter estimation of salinity (± 0.26) than the successivereconstructions.

biogeosciences

Mg∕Ca, Sr∕Ca and stable isotopes from the planktonic foraminifera &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;T. sacculifer&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;: testing a multi-proxy approach for inferring paleotemperature and paleosalinity