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. Wildfires, as a key disturbance in forest ecosystems, areshaping the world's boreal landscapes. Changes in fire regimes are closelylinked to a wide array of environmental factors, such as vegetationcomposition, climate change, and human activity. Arctic and boreal regionsand, in particular, Siberian boreal forests are experiencing rising air andground temperatures with the subsequent degradation of permafrost soilsleading to shifts in tree cover and species composition. Compared to theboreal zones of North America or Europe, little is known about how suchenvironmental changes might influence long-term fire regimes in Russia. Thelarch-dominated eastern Siberian deciduous boreal forests differ markedlyfrom the composition of other boreal forests, yet data about past fireregimes remain sparse. Here, we present a high-resolution macroscopiccharcoal record from lacustrine sediments of Lake Khamra (south-west Yakutia,Siberia) spanning the last ca. 2200 years, including information aboutcharcoal particle sizes and morphotypes. Our results reveal a phase ofincreased charcoal accumulation between 600 and 900 CE, indicative ofrelatively high amounts of burnt biomass and high fire frequencies. This isfollowed by an almost 900-year-long period of low charcoal accumulationwithout significant peaks likely corresponding to cooler climateconditions. After 1750 CE fire frequencies and the relative amount ofbiomass burnt start to increase again, coinciding with a warming climate andincreased anthropogenic land development after Russian colonization. In the20th century, total charcoal accumulation decreases again to very lowlevels despite higher fire frequency, potentially reflecting a change infire management strategies and/or a shift of the fire regime towards morefrequent but smaller fires. A similar pattern for different charcoalmorphotypes and comparison to a pollen and non-pollen palynomorph (NPP) recordfrom the same sediment core indicate that broad-scale changes in vegetationcomposition were probably not a major driver of recorded fire regimechanges. Instead, the fire regime of the last two millennia at Lake Khamraseems to be controlled mainly by a combination of short-term climatevariability and anthropogenic fire ignition and suppression.

Wildfire history of the boreal forest of south-western Yakutia (Siberia) over the last two millennia documented by a lake-sediment charcoal record