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. Ecosystems limited in phosphorous (P) are widespread, yet there is limitedunderstanding of how these ecosystems may respond to anthropogenicdeposition of nitrogen (N) and the interconnected effects on thebiogeochemical cycling of carbon (C), N, and P. Here, we investigate theconsequences of enhanced N addition for the C–N–P pools of two P-limitedgrasslands, one acidic and one limestone, occurring on contrasting soils, and weexplore their responses to a long-term nutrient-manipulation experiment. Wedo this by combining data with an integrated C–N–P cycling model (N14CP). Weexplore the role of P-access mechanisms by allowing these to vary in themodelling framework and comparing model plant–soil C–N–P outputs toempirical data. Combinations of organic P access and inorganic Pavailability most closely representing empirical data were used to simulatethe grasslands and quantify their temporal response to nutrientmanipulation. The model suggested that access to organic P is a keydeterminant of grassland nutrient limitation and responses to experimental Nand P manipulation. A high rate of organic P access allowed the acidicgrassland to overcome N-induced P limitation, increasing biomass C input tosoil and promoting soilorganic carbon (SOC) sequestration in response to N addition. Conversely,poor accessibility of organic P for the limestone grassland meant Nprovision exacerbated P limitation and reduced biomass input to the soil,reducing soil carbon storage. Plant acquisition of organic P may thereforeplay an important role in reducing P limitation and determining responsesto anthropogenic changes in nutrient availability. We conclude thatgrasslands differing in their access to organic P may respond to Ndeposition in contrasting ways, and where access is limited, soil organiccarbon stocks could decline.

Organic phosphorus cycling may control grassland responses to nitrogen deposition: a long-term field manipulation and modelling study