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. The focus of current water management in drained peatlands is to facilitateoptimal drainage, which has led to soil subsidence and a strong increase ingreenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The Dutch land and water authoritiesproposed the application of subsoil irrigation (SSI) system on a largescale to potentially reduce GHG emissions, while maintaining high biomassproduction. Based on model results, the expectation was that SSI wouldreduce peat decomposition in summer by preventing groundwater tables (GWTs)from dropping below −60 cm. In 2017–2018, we evaluated the effects of SSI on GHGemissions (CO2, CH4, N2O) for four dairy farms on drainedpeat meadows in the Netherlands. Each farm had a treatment site with SSIinstallation and a control site drained only by ditches (ditch water level−60 / −90 cm, 100 m distance between ditches). The SSI system consisted ofperforated pipes −70 cm from surface level with spacing of 5–6 m to improvedrainage during winter–spring and irrigation in summer. GHG emissions weremeasured using closed chambers every 2–4 weeks for CO2, CH4 andN2O. Measured ecosystem respiration (Reco) only showed a smalldifference between SSI and control sites when the GWT of SSI sites weresubstantially higher than the control site (&gt; 20 cm difference).Over all years and locations, however, there was no significant differencefound, despite the 6–18 cm higher GWT in summer and 1–20 cm lower GWT inwet conditions at SSI sites. Differences in mean annual GWT remained low(&lt; 5 cm). Direct comparison of measured N2O and CH4 fluxesbetween SSI and control sites did not show any significant differences.CO2 fluxes varied according to temperature and management events,while differences between control and SSI sites remained small. Therefore,there was no difference between the annual gap-filled net ecosystem exchange(NEE) of the SSI and control sites. The net ecosystem carbon balance (NECB)was on average 40 and 30 t CO2 ha−1 yr−1 in 2017 and 2018 on theSSI sites and 38 and 34 t CO2 ha−1 yr−1 in 2017 and 2018 on thecontrol sites. This lack of SSI effect is probably because the GWT increaseremains limited to deeper soil layers (60–120 cm depth), which contributelittle to peat oxidation. We conclude that SSI modulates water table dynamics but fails to lowerannual carbon emission. SSI seems unsuitable as a climate mitigationstrategy. Future research should focus on potential effects of GWTmanipulation in the uppermost organic layers (−30 cm and higher) on GHGemissions from drained peatlands.

Conventional subsoil irrigation techniques do not lower carbon emissions from drained peat meadows