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. Jellyfish are increasingly recognised as important components ofthe marine ecosystem, yet their specific role is poorly defined compared tothat of other zooplankton groups. This paper presents the first global oceanbiogeochemical model that includes an explicit representation of jellyfishand uses the model to gain insight into the influence of jellyfish on theplankton community. The Plankton Type Ocean Model (PlankTOM11) model groups organisms into planktonfunctional types (PFTs). The jellyfish PFT is parameterised here based on oursynthesis of observations on jellyfish growth, grazing, respiration andmortality rates as functions of temperature and jellyfish biomass. Thedistribution of jellyfish is unique compared to that of other PFTs in themodel. The jellyfish global biomass of 0.13 PgC is within the observationalrange and comparable to the biomass of other zooplankton and phytoplanktonPFTs. The introduction of jellyfish in the model has a large directinfluence on the crustacean macrozooplankton PFT and influences indirectlythe rest of the plankton ecosystem through trophic cascades. The zooplanktoncommunity in PlankTOM11 is highly sensitive to the jellyfish mortality rate,with jellyfish increasingly dominating the zooplankton community as itsmortality diminishes. Overall, the results suggest that jellyfish play animportant role in regulating global marine plankton ecosystems acrossplankton community structure, spatio-temporal dynamics and biomass, which is a rolethat has been generally neglected so far.

Role of jellyfish in the plankton ecosystem revealed using a global ocean biogeochemical model