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. Ice formed in the subglacial environment can contain some of the highestconcentrations of solutes, nutrients, and microbes found in glacier systems, which can be released to downstream freshwater and marine ecosystems andglacier forefields. Despite the potential ecological importance of basalice, our understanding of its spatial and temporal biogeochemicalvariability remains limited. We hypothesize that the basal thermal regimeof glaciers is a dominant control on subglacial biogeochemistry because itinfluences the degree to which glaciers mobilize material from theunderlying substrate and controls the nature and extent of biogeochemicalactivity that occurs at glacier beds. Here, we characterize the solutes,nutrients, and microbes found in the basal regions of a cold-based glacierand three polythermal glaciers and compare them to those found in overlyingglacier ice of meteoric origin. Compared to meteoric glacier ice, basal icefrom polythermal glaciers was consistently enriched in major ions, dissolvedorganic matter (including a specific fraction of humic-like fluorescentmaterial), and microbes and was occasionally enriched in dissolvedphosphorus and reduced nitrogen (NH4+) and in a second dissolvedcomponent of humic-like fluorescent material. In contrast, thebiogeochemistry of basal ice from the cold-based glacier was remarkablysimilar to that of meteoric glacier ice. These findings suggest that aglacier's basal thermal regime can play an important role in determining themix of solutes, nutrients, and microbes that are acquired from subglacialsubstrates or produced in situ.

Basal thermal regime affects the biogeochemistry of subglacial systems