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. Rising concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide are causingocean acidification and will influence marine processes and trace metalbiogeochemistry. In June 2012, in the Raunefjord (Bergen, Norway), we performed amesocosm experiment, comprised of a fully factorial design of ambient andelevated pCO2 and/or an addition of the siderophore desferrioxamine B(DFB). In addition, the macronutrient concentrations were manipulated toenhance a bloom of the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi. We report the changes inparticulate trace metal concentrations during this experiment. Our resultsshow that particulate Ti and Fe were dominated by lithogenic material, whileparticulate Cu, Co, Mn, Zn, Mo and Cd had a strong biogenic component.Furthermore, significant correlations were found between particulateconcentrations of Cu, Co, Zn, Cd, Mn, Mo and P in seawater andphytoplankton biomass ( µ gC L −1 ), supporting a significantinfluence of the bloom in the distribution of these particulate elements.The concentrations of these biogenic metals in the E. huxleyi bloom were ranked as follows: Zn   Cu  ≈  Mn   Mo   Co   Cd. Changes in CO2 affected total particulate concentrations andbiogenic metal ratios (Me  :  P) for some metals, while the addition of DFB onlysignificantly affected the concentrations of some particulate metals (mol L −1 ). Variations in CO2 had the most clear and significant effecton particulate Fe concentrations, decreasing its concentration under high CO2 . Indeed, high CO2 and/or DFB promoted the dissolution ofparticulate Fe, and the presence of this siderophore helped in maintaining highdissolved Fe. This shift between particulate and dissolved Feconcentrations in the presence of DFB, promoted a massive bloom of E. huxleyi in thetreatments with ambient CO2 . Furthermore, high CO2 decreased theMe  :  P ratios of Co, Zn and Mn while increasing the Cu  :  P ratios. Thesefindings support theoretical predictions that the molar ratios of metal to phosphorous (Me  :  P ratios) of metalswhose seawater dissolved speciation is dominated by free ions (e.g., Co, Znand Mn) will likely decrease or stay constant under ocean acidification. Incontrast, high CO2 is predicted to shift the speciation of dissolvedmetals associated with carbonates such as Cu, increasing theirbioavailability and resulting in higher Me  :  P ratios.

biogeosciences

Particulate trace metal dynamics in response to increased CO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; and iron availability in a coastal mesocosm experiment