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. Cold-water corals (CWCs) constitute important deep-water ecosystemsthat are under increasing environmental pressure due to ocean acidificationand global warming. The sensitivity of these deep-water ecosystems toenvironmental change is demonstrated by abundant paleorecords drilledthrough CWC mounds that reveal characteristic alterations between rapidformation and dormant or erosive phases. Previous studies have identifiedseveral central parameters for driving or inhibiting CWC growth such as foodsupply, oxygenation, and the carbon saturation state of bottom water, yetthere are still large uncertainties about the relative importance of thedifferent environmental parameters. To advance this debate we have performeda multiproxy study on a sediment core retrieved from the 25 m high BowieMound, located at 866 m water depth on the continental slope offsoutheastern Brazil, a structure built up mainly by the CWC Solenosmilia variabilis. Our resultsindicate a multifactorial control on CWC growth at Bowie Mound during thepast ∼  160 kyr, which reveals distinct formation pulsesduring northern high-latitude glacial cold events (Heinrich stadials, HSs)largely associated with anomalously strong monsoonal rainfall over thecontinent. The ensuing enhanced runoff elevated the terrigenous nutrientand organic-matter supply to the continental margin and likely boostedmarine productivity. The dispersal of food particles towards the CWCcolonies during HSs was facilitated by the highly dynamic hydraulicconditions along the continental slope that prevailed throughout glacialperiods. These conditions caused the emplacement of a pronounced nepheloidlayer above Bowie Mound, thereby aiding the concentration and along-slopedispersal of organic matter. Our study thus emphasizes the impact ofcontinental climate variability on a highly vulnerable deep-marineecosystem.

Monsoonal forcing of cold-water coral growth off southeastern Brazil during the past 160 kyr