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. Leaf wax n -alkane patterns and their compound-specific δ13C signatures are valuable proxies for paleoenvironmental reconstructions. So far, their potential has not been investigated in semi-arid to arid Mongolia. We have therefore analysed the leaf wax n -alkanes and their compound-specific δ13C signature of five plant species (Poaceae, Cyperaceae, Artemisia spp., Caragana spp. and Larix sp.) and topsoils (0– 5 cm ) along two transects in central and southern Mongolia. Grasses show a distinct dominance of the n -C 31 homologue, whereas the shrubs Caragana spp. and Artemisia spp. are dominated by n -C 29 . Larix sp. is characterised by the mid-chain n -alkanes n -C 23 and n -C 25 . From plant to topsoil, n -alkane patterns show the potential to differentiate between grass-covered sites from those covered by Caragana spp. n -Alkane concentrations and odd-over-even predominance (OEP) of the topsoils are distinctly influenced by mean annual temperature, mean annual precipitation and aridity, likely reflecting the degree of n -alkane degradation and biomass production. In contrast, the average chain length (ACL) and the n -alkane ratio ( n -C 31∕n -C 29+n -C 31 ) are not affected by climatic parameters and, thus, are not biased by climate. The compound-specific δ13C signatures are strongly correlated to climate, showing a significant enrichment with increasing aridity, indicating the effect of water use efficiency. Our calibration results suggest that long-chain n -alkanes and their compound-specific δ13C signatures have great potential to reconstruct paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic conditions when used in sediment archives from Mongolia.

biogeosciences

Leaf wax &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;n&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;-alkane patterns and compound-specific &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;δ&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;13&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;C of plants and topsoils from semi-arid and arid Mongolia