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. Despite growing evidence that methane ( CH4 ) formation couldalso occur in well-oxygenated surface fresh waters, its significance at theecosystem scale is uncertain. Empirical models based on data gathered athigh latitude predict that the contribution of oxic CH4 increases withlake size and should represent the majority of CH4 emissions in largelakes. However, such predictive models could not directly apply to tropicallakes, which differ from their temperate counterparts in some fundamentalcharacteristics, such as year-round elevated water temperature. We conductedstable-isotope tracer experiments, which revealed that oxic CH4 production is closely related to phytoplankton metabolism and is a commonfeature in five contrasting African lakes. Nevertheless, methanotrophicactivity in surface waters and CH4 emissions to the atmosphere werepredominantly fuelled by CH4 generated in sediments and physicallytransported to the surface. Indeed, CH4 bubble dissolution flux anddiffusive benthic CH4 flux were several orders of magnitude higher than CH4 production in surface waters. Microbial CH4 consumptiondramatically decreased with increasing sunlight intensity, suggesting thatthe freshwater “ CH4 paradox” might be also partly explained byphoto-inhibition of CH4 oxidizers in the illuminated zone. Sunlightappeared as an overlooked but important factor determining the CH4 dynamics in surface waters, directly affecting its production byphotoautotrophs and consumption by methanotrophs.

biogeosciences

Methane paradox in tropical lakes? Sedimentary fluxes rather than pelagic production in oxic conditions sustain methanotrophy and emissions to the atmosphere