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. Terrestrial paleoclimate records are rare in the SouthAtlantic, limiting opportunities to provide a prehistoric context forcurrent global changes. The tussock grass, Poa flabellata, grows abundantly along thecoasts of the Falkland Islands and other subantarctic islands. It formsextensive peat records, providing a promising opportunity to reconstructhigh-resolution regional climate records. The isotopic composition of leafand root tissues deposited in these peats has the potential to recordvariation in precipitation, temperature, and relative humidity over time,but these relationships are unknown for P. flabellata. Here, we measured the isotopiccomposition of P. flabellata and precipitation and explore relationships with seasonaltemperature and humidity variations across four study locations in the FalklandIslands. We reveal that inter-seasonal differences in carbon and oxygenstable isotopes of leaf α-cellulose of living P. flabellata correlated withmonthly mean temperature and relative humidity. The carbon isotopecomposition of leaf α-cellulose (δ13Cleaf) recordsthe balance of CO2 supply through stomata and the demand byphotosynthesis. The positive correlation between δ13Cleafand temperature and negative correlation between δ13Cleaf and relative humidity suggest that photosynthetic demandfor CO2 relative to stomatal supply is enhanced when conditions arewarm and dry. Further, the positive correlation between δ13Cleaf and δ18Oleaf (r=0.88; p&lt;0.001; n=24) indicates that stomatal closure during warm dry periodsexplains seasonal variation in δ13Cleaf. We observedsignificant differences between winter and summer seasons for both δ18Oleaf and δ13Cleaf and among study locationsfor δ18Oleaf but not δ13Cleaf. δ18O values of monthly composite precipitation were similar betweenseasons and among study locations, yet characteristic of the latitudinalorigin of storm tracks and seasonal winds. The weak correlation betweenδ18O in monthly composite precipitation and δ18Oleaf further suggests that relative humidity is the maindriver of the δ18Oleaf. The oxygen isotopes in rootα-cellulose did not reflect, or only partially reflected (at onestudy location), the δ18O in precipitation. Overall, this studysupports the use of peat records formed by P. flabellata to fill a significant gap inour knowledge of the long-term trends in Southern Hemisphere climatedynamics.

Modern calibration of &lt;i&gt;Poa flabellata&lt;/i&gt; (tussac grass) as a new paleoclimate proxy in the South Atlantic

Modern calibration of <i>Poa flabellata</i> (tussac grass) as a new paleoclimate proxy in the South Atlantic