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. Quantification of turnover of inorganic soil phosphorus (P) poolsis essential to improve our understanding of P cycling in soil–plant systemsand improve representations of the P cycle in land surface models. Turnovercan be quantified using mean residence time (MRT); however, to date there islittle information on MRT of P in soil P pools. We introduce an approach toquantify MRT of P in sequentially extracted inorganic soil P pools usingdata from isotope exchange kinetic experiments. Our analyses of 53 soilsamples from the literature showed that MRT of labile P (resin- andbicarbonate-extractable P) was on the order of minutes to hours for mostsoils, MRT in NaOH-extractable P (NaOH-P) was in the range of days to months, and MRTin HCl-extractable P (HCl-P) was on the order of years to millennia. Multiple-regression models were able to capture 54 %–63 % of the variability inMRT among samples and showed that land use was the most important predictorof MRT of P in labile and NaOH pools. MRT of P in HCl-P was stronglydependent on pH, as high-pH soils tended to have longer MRTs. This wasinterpreted to be related to the composition of HCl-P. Under high pH, HCl-Pcontains mostly apatite, with a low solubility, whereas under low-pHconditions, HCl-P may contain more exchangeable P forms. These resultssuggest that current land surface models underestimate the dynamics ofinorganic soil P pools and could be improved by reducing model MRTs of thelabile and NaOH-P pools, considering soil-type-dependent MRTs rather thanuniversal exchange rates and allowing for two-way exchange between HCl-Pand the soil solution.

Estimates of mean residence times of phosphorus in commonly considered inorganic soil phosphorus pools