English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

. Results from the fully and biogeochemically coupled simulations in which CO2 increases at a rate of 1 % yr −1 (1pctCO2) from itspreindustrial value are analyzed to quantify the magnitude ofcarbon–concentration and carbon–climate feedback parameters which measurethe response of ocean and terrestrial carbon pools to changes in atmospheric CO2 concentration and the resulting change in global climate,respectively. The results are based on 11 comprehensive Earth systemmodels from the most recent (sixth) Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP6) and compared with eight models from the fifth CMIP (CMIP5). Thestrength of the carbon–concentration feedback is of comparable magnitudesover land (mean  ±  standard deviation  =  0.97  ±  0.40 PgC ppm −1 ) and ocean (0.79  ±  0.07 PgC ppm −1 ), while thecarbon–climate feedback over land ( −45.1 ±  50.6 PgC  ∘ C −1 ) is about 3 times larger than over ocean ( −17.2 ±  5.0 PgC  ∘ C −1 ). The strength of both feedbacks is an order ofmagnitude more uncertain over land than over ocean as has been seen inexisting studies. These values and their spread from 11 CMIP6 modelshave not changed significantly compared to CMIP5 models. The absolute valuesof feedback parameters are lower for land with models that include arepresentation of nitrogen cycle. The transient climate response tocumulative emissions (TCRE) from the 11 CMIP6 models considered here is1.77  ±  0.37  ∘ C EgC −1 and is similar to that found inCMIP5 models (1.63  ±  0.48  ∘ C EgC −1 ) but with somewhatreduced model spread. The expressions for feedback parameters based on thefully and biogeochemically coupled configurations of the 1pctCO2 simulationare simplified when the small temperature change in thebiogeochemically coupled simulation is ignored. Decomposition of the termsof these simplified expressions for the feedback parameters is used to gaininsight into the reasons for differing responses among ocean and land carboncycle models.

Carbon–concentration and carbon–climate feedbacks in CMIP6 models and their comparison to CMIP5 models