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. Ocean acidification driven by the uptake of anthropogenic CO2 by thesurface oceans constitutes a potential threat to the health of marineecosystems around the globe. The Arctic Ocean is particularly vulnerable toacidification and thus is an ideal region to study the progression andeffects of acidification before they become globally widespread. Theappearance of undersaturated surface waters with respect to the carbonatemineral aragonite ( ΩA ), an important thresholdbeyond which the calcification and growth of some marine organisms might behindered, has recently been documented in the Canada Basin and adjacentCanadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA), a dynamic region with an inherently strongvariability in biogeochemical processes. Nonetheless, few of theseobservations were made in the last 5 years and the spatial coverage inthe latter region is poor. We use a dataset of carbonate system parametersmeasured in the CAA and its adjacent basins(Canada Basin and Baffin Bay) from 2003 to 2016 to describe the recent stateof these parameters across the Canadian Arctic and investigate the amplitudeand sources of the system's variability over more than a decade. Ourfindings reveal that, in the summers of 2014 to 2016, the ocean surfaceacross our study area served as a net CO2 sink and was partlyundersaturated with respect to aragonite in the Canada Basin and the QueenMaud Gulf, the latter region exhibiting undersaturation over its entirewater column at some locations. We estimate, using measurements madeacross several years, that approximately a third of the interannualvariability in surface dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentrations in the CAA results from fluctuations inbiological activity. In consideration of the system's variability resultingfrom these fluctuations, we derive times of emergence of the anthropogenicocean acidification signal for carbonate system parameters in the studyarea.

The recent state and variability of the carbonate system of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and adjacent basins in the context of ocean acidification