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. Deciphering the dynamics of dissolved oxygen in the mid-depthocean during the last deglaciation is essential to understand the influenceof climate change on modern oxygen minimum zones (OMZs). Many paleo-proxyrecords from the eastern Pacific Ocean indicate an extension of oxygen-depleted conditions during the deglaciation, but the degree of deoxygenationhas not been quantified to date. The Peruvian OMZ, one of the largest OMZsin the world, is a key area to monitor such changes in near-bottom-wateroxygenation in relation to changing climatic conditions. Here, we analysedthe potential to use the composition of foraminiferal assemblages from thePeruvian OMZ as a quantitative redox proxy. A multiple regression analysiswas applied to a joint dataset of living (rose-bengal-stained, fossilizablecalcareous species) benthic foraminiferal distributions from the Peruviancontinental margin. Bottom-water oxygen concentrations ([O2]BW)during sampling were used as the dependant variable. The correlation wassignificant (R2=0.82; p&lt;0.05), indicating that theforaminiferal assemblages are rather governed by oxygen availability than bythe deposition of particulate organic matter (R2=0.53; p=0.31). Weapplied the regression formula to three sediment cores from the northernpart of the Peruvian OMZ between 3 and 8∘ S and 997and 1250 m water depth, thereby recording oxygenation changes at the lowerboundary of the Peruvian OMZ. Each core displayed a similar trend ofdecreasing oxygen levels since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). The overall[O2]BW change from the LGM and the Holocene was constrained to 30 µmol kg−1 at the lower boundary of the OMZ.

Bottom-water deoxygenation at the Peruvian margin during the last deglaciation recorded by benthic foraminifera