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. Natural and anthropogenic mercury (Hg) emissions are sequestered interrestrial soils over short, annual to long, millennial timescalesbefore Hg mobilization and run-off impact wetland and coastal oceanecosystems. Recent studies have used Hg-to-carbon (C) ratios( RHgC 's) measured in Alaskan permafrost mineral and peatsoils together with a northern circumpolar permafrost soil carboninventory to estimate that these soils contain large amounts of Hg (between 184 and755  Gg ) in the upper 1  m . However, measurementsof RHgC on Siberian permafrost peatlands are largelymissing, leaving the size of the estimated northern soil Hg budget andits fate under Arctic warming scenarios uncertain. Here we present Hgand carbon data for six peat cores down to mineral horizons at1.5–4  m depth, across a 1700  km latitudinal (56 to67 ∘  N) permafrost gradient in the Western Siberian Lowland(WSL). Mercury concentrations increase from south to north in all soilhorizons, reflecting a higher stability of sequestered Hg with respectto re-emission. The RHgC in the WSL peat horizonsdecreases with depth, from 0.38  Gg Pg−1 in the active layerto 0.23  Gg Pg−1 in continuously frozen peat of the WSL. Weestimate the Hg pool (0–1  m ) in the permafrost-affected partof the WSL peatlands to be 9.3±2.7 Gg . We review andestimate pan-Arctic organic and mineral soil RHgC to be0.19 and 0.63  Gg Pg−1 , respectively, and use a soil carbon budget torevise the pan-Arctic permafrost soil Hg pool to be 72  Gg (39–91  Gg ; interquartile range, IQR) in the upper30  cm , 240  Gg (110–336  Gg ) in the upper1  m , and 597  Gg (384–750  Gg ) in the upper3  m . Using the same RHgC approach, we revise theupper 30  cm of the global soil Hg pool to contain 1086  Gg ofHg (852–1265  Gg , IQR), of which 7 % (72  Gg )resides in northern permafrost soils. Additional soil and riverstudies in eastern and northern Siberia are needed to lower theuncertainty on these estimates and assess the timing of Hg release tothe atmosphere and rivers.

A revised pan-Arctic permafrost soil Hg pool based on Western Siberian peat Hg and carbon observations