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Abstract. Land surface models are essential parts of climate and weather models. Thewidely used Noah-MP land surface model requires information on the leaf areaindex (LAI) and green vegetation fraction (GVF) as key inputs of itsevapotranspiration scheme. The model aggregates all agricultural areas intoa land use class termed “cropland and pasture”. In a previous study weshowed that, on a regional scale, the GVF has a bimodal distribution formed bytwo crop groups differing in phenology and growth dynamics: early-coveringcrops (ECC; e.g., winter wheat, winter rapeseed, winter barley) and late-covering crops (LCC; e.g., corn, silage maize, sugar beet). That result canbe generalized for central Europe. The present study quantifies the effectof splitting the land use class cropland and pasture of Noah-MP into ECC and LCC on surface energy fluxes and temperature. We further studied theinfluence of increasing the LCC share, which in the study area (theKraichgau region, southwest Germany) is mainly the result of heavilysubsidized biomass production, on energy partitioning at the land surface.We used the GVF dynamics derived from high-resolution (5 m  ×  5 m) RapidEyesatellite data and measured LAI data for the simulations. Our resultsconfirm that the GVF and LAI strongly influence the partitioning of surfaceenergy fluxes, resulting in pronounced differences between simulations of ECC and LCC. Splitting up the generic crop into ECC and LCC had thestrongest effect on land surface exchange processes in July–August. Duringthis period, ECC are at the senescence growth stage or already harvested,while LCC have a well-developed ground-covering canopy. The generic cropresulted in humid bias, i.e., an increase in evapotranspiration by + 0.5 mm d −1 (latent heat flux is 1.3 MJ m −2  d −1 ), decrease in sensible heat flux ( H )by 1.2 MJ m −2   d −1 and decrease in surface temperature by − 1  ∘ C. The bias increased as the shares of ECC and LCC becamesimilar. The observed differences will impact the simulations of processesin the planetary boundary layer. Increasing the LCC share from 28 % to 38 %in the Kraichgau region led to a decrease in latent heat flux (LE) and aheating up of the land surface in the early growing season. Over the secondpart of the season, LE increased and the land surface cooled down by up to1  ∘ C.

Distinguishing between early- and late-covering crops in the land surface model Noah-MP: impact on simulated surface energy fluxes and temperature