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. Macroalgal beds have drawn attention as one of thevegetated coastal ecosystems that act as atmospheric CO2 sinks.Although macroalgal metabolism as well as inorganic and organic carbon flowsare important pathways for CO2 uptake by macroalgal beds, therelationships between macroalgal metabolism and associated carbon flows arestill poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated carbon flows,including air–water CO2 exchange and budgets of dissolved inorganiccarbon, total alkalinity, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC), in a temperatemacroalgal bed during the productive months of the year. To assess the keymechanisms responsible for atmospheric CO2 uptake by the macroalgalbed, we estimated macroalgal metabolism and lateral carbon flows (i.e.,carbon exchanges between the macroalgal bed and the offshore area) by using fieldmeasurements of carbon species, a field-bag method, a degradationexperiment, and mass-balance modeling in a temperate Sargassum bed over a diurnalcycle. Our results showed that macroalgal metabolism and lateral carbonflows driven by water exchange affected air–water CO2 exchange in themacroalgal bed and the surrounding waters. Macroalgal metabolism causedoverlying waters to contain low concentrations of CO2 and highconcentrations of DOC that were efficiently exported offshore from themacroalgal bed. These results indicate that the exported water canpotentially lower CO2 concentrations in the offshore surface water andenhance atmospheric CO2 uptake. Furthermore, the Sargassum bed exported 6 %–35 % of the macroalgal net community production (NCP; 302–1378 mmol C m −2  d −1 ) as DOC to the offshore area. The results of degradationexperiments showed that 56 %–78 % of macroalgal DOC was refractory DOC(RDOC) that persisted for 150 d; thus, the Sargassum bed exported 5 %–20 % ofthe macroalgal NCP as RDOC. Our findings suggest that macroalgal beds inhabitats associated with high water exchange rates can create significant CO2 sinks around them and export a substantial amount of DOC tooffshore areas.

Macroalgal metabolism and lateral carbon flows can create significant carbon sinks