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. Carbon sequestration in agroecosystems has great potential to mitigateglobal greenhouse gas emissions. To assess the decadal trend of CO2fluxes of an irrigated wheat–maize rotation cropland over the North ChinaPlain, the net ecosystem exchange (NEE) with the atmosphere was measured byusing an eddy covariance system from 2005 to 2016. To evaluate thedetailed CO2 budget components of this representative cropland, acomprehensive experiment was conducted in the full 2010–2011 wheat–maizerotation cycle by combining the eddy covariance NEE measurements, plantcarbon storage samples, and a soil respiration experiment that differentiatedbetween heterotrophic and below-ground autotrophic respirations. Over thepast decade (from 2005 to 2016), the cropland exhibited astatistically nonsignificant decreasing carbon sequestration capacity; theaverage of total NEE, gross primary productivity (GPP), and ecosystemrespiration (ER), respectively, were −364, 1174, and 810 gC m−2 for wheat and−136, 1008, and 872 gC m−2 for maize. The multiple regression revealedthat air temperature and groundwater depth showed pronounced correlationswith the CO2 fluxes for wheat. However, in the maize season, incomingshortwave radiation and groundwater depth showed pronounced correlationswith CO2 fluxes. For the full 2010–2011 agricultural cycle, theCO2 fluxes for wheat and maize were as follows: for NEE they were −438 and −239 gC m−2, for GPP 1078 and 780 gC m−2, for ER 640 and 541 gC m−2, for soilheterotrophic respiration 377 and 292 gC m−2, for below-ground autotrophicrespiration 136 and 115 gC m−2, and for above-ground autotrophic respiration128 and 133 gC m−2. The net biome productivity was 59 gC m−2 forwheat and 5 gC m−2 for maize, indicating that wheat was a weak CO2sink and maize was close to CO2 neutral to the atmosphere for thisagricultural cycle. However, when considering the total CO2 loss in thefallow period, the net biome productivity was −40 gC m−2 yr−1for the full 2010–2011 cycle, implying that the cropland was a weak CO2source. The investigations of this study showed that taking cropland as aclimate change mitigation tool is challenging and that further studies arerequired for the CO2 sequestration potential of croplands.

biogeosciences

Decadal variation in CO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; fluxes and its budget in a wheat and maize rotation cropland over the North China Plain