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. Reductions in N2O emissions from nitrification inhibitors (NI) aresubstantial but remain uncertain because measurements of N2O emissionsare highly variable and discontinuous. Mathematical modelling may offer anopportunity to estimate these reductions if the processes causingvariability in N2O emissions can be accurately simulated. In thisstudy, the effect of NI was simulated with a simple, time-dependentalgorithm to slow NH4+ oxidation in the ecosystem model ecosys. Slowernitrification modelled with NI caused increases in soil NH4+concentrations and reductions in soil NO3- concentrations and inN2O fluxes that were consistent with those measured following fall andspring applications of slurry over 2 years from 2014 to 2016. The modelwas then used to estimate direct and indirect effects of NI on seasonal andannual emissions. After spring slurry applications, NI reduced N2Oemissions modelled and measured during the drier spring of 2015 (35 % and45 %) less than during the wetter spring of 2016 (53 % and 72 %).After fall slurry applications, NI reduced modelled N2O emissions by58 % and 56 % during late fall in 2014 and 2015 and by 8 % and 33 %during subsequent spring thaw in 2015 and 2016. Modelled reductions wereconsistent with those from meta-analyses of other NI studies. Simulated NIactivity declined over time so that reductions in N2O emissionsmodelled with NI at an annual timescale were relatively smaller than thoseduring emission events. These reductions were accompanied by increases inNH3 emissions and reductions in NO3- losses with NI thatcaused changes in indirect N2O emissions. With further parameterevaluation, the addition of this algorithm for NI to ecosys may allow emissionfactors for different NI products to be derived from annual N2Oemissions modelled under diverse site, soil, land use and weather.

biogeosciences

Modelling nitrification inhibitor effects on N&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;O emissions after fall- and spring-applied slurry by reducing nitrifier NH&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;4&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;+&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; oxidation rate