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. The rapid response of benthic foraminifera to environmental factors(e.g. organic matter quality and quantity, salinity, pH) and theirhigh fossilisation potential make them promising bio-indicators forthe intensity and recurrence of brine formation in Arctic seas. Suchan approach, however, requires a thorough knowledge of their modernecology in such extreme settings. To this aim, seven stations alonga north–south transect across the Storfjorden (Svalbard archipelago) have beensampled using an interface multicorer. This fjord is an area ofintense sea ice formation characterised by the production ofbrine-enriched shelf waters (BSW) as a result of a recurrentlatent-heat polynya. Living (rose bengal-stained) foraminiferalassemblages were analysed together with geochemical andsedimentological parameters in the top 5 cm of thesediment. Three major biozones were distinguished. (i) The “innerfjord” zone, dominated by typical glacier proximal calcareous species, whichopportunistically respond to fresh organic matter inputs. (ii) The“deep basins and sill” zone, characterised by glacier distal agglutinatedfauna; these are either dominant because of the mostlyrefractory nature of organic matter and/or the brine persistence thathampers the growth of calcareous species and/or causes theirdissolution. (iii) The “outer fjord” zone, characterised by typical NorthAtlantic species due to the intrusion of the North Atlantic water inthe Storfjordrenna. The stressful conditions present in the deepbasins and sill (i.e. acidic waters and low food quality) result ina high agglutinated  ∕  calcareous ratio ( A∕C ). This supports thepotential use of the A∕C ratio as a proxy for brine persistence andoverflow in Storfjorden.

Benthic foraminifera as tracers of brine production in the Storfjorden “sea ice factory”