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. Seagrass meadows are autotrophic ecosystems acting as carbonsinks, but they have also been shown to be sources of carbon dioxide( CO2 ) and methane ( CH4 ). Seagrasses can be negatively affected byincreasing seawater temperatures, but the effects of warming on CO2 and CH4 fluxes in seagrass meadows have not yet been reported. Here, weexamine the effect of two disturbances on air–seawater fluxes of CO2 and CH4 in Red Sea Halophila stipulacea communities compared to adjacent unvegetatedsediments using cavity ring-down spectroscopy. We first characterized CO2 and CH4 fluxes in vegetated and adjacent unvegetatedsediments, and then experimentally examined their response, along with thatof the carbon (C) isotopic signature of CO2 and CH4 , to gradual warmingfrom 25  ∘ C (winter seawater temperature) to 37  ∘ C, 2  ∘ C above current maximum temperature. In addition, we assessedthe response to prolonged darkness, thereby providing insights into thepossible role of suppressing plant photosynthesis in supporting CO2 and CH4 fluxes. We detected 6-fold-higher CO2 fluxes in vegetatedcompared to bare sediments, as well as 10- to 100-fold-higher CH4 fluxes. Warming led to an increase in net CO2 and CH4 fluxes,reaching average fluxes of 10 422.18  ±  2570.12  µ mol  CO2  m −2  d −1 and 88.11±15.19 µ mol  CH4  m −2  d −1 , while CO2 and CH4 fluxes decreased over time insediments maintained at 25  ∘ C. Prolonged darkness led to anincrease in CO2 fluxes but a decrease in CH4 fluxes in vegetatedsediments. These results add to previous research identifying Red Seaseagrass meadows as a significant source of CH4 , while also indicatingthat sublethal warming may lead to increased emissions of greenhouse gasesfrom seagrass meadows, providing a feedback mechanism that may contribute tofurther enhancing global warming.

Warming enhances carbon dioxide and methane fluxes from Red Sea seagrass (&lt;i&gt;Halophila stipulacea&lt;/i&gt;) sediments

Warming enhances carbon dioxide and methane fluxes from Red Sea seagrass (<i>Halophila stipulacea</i>) sediments